2022年2月28日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十三次会议通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于设立成渝金融法院的决定》（下面简称《决定》）。第一时间得知这个消息，我中心主任、全国政协委员王煜宇深感振奋。作为金融法治领域的专家，她认为，成渝金融法院的设立对落实成渝双城经济圈的战略部署意义重大，同时也将有力推进重庆打造西部金融中心。

　　

　　成渝金融法院对重庆意义重大　　 

　　成渝金融法院是继上海和北京之后的第三家金融法院，《决定》的通过对重庆而言到底意味着什么呢？王煜宇对《决定》进行了深度解读，她表示，虽然《决定》并没有直接规定成渝金融法院落户重庆，但从《决定》释明的成渝金融法院的组织机制（即《决定》三“成渝金融法院对重庆市人民代表大会常务委员会负责并报告工作。成渝金融法院审判工作受最高人民法院和重庆市高级人民法院监督”）和人事任免机制（即《决定》四“成渝金融法院院长由重庆市人民代表大会常务委员会主任会议提请重庆市人民代表大会常务委员会任免。成渝金融法院副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员由成渝金融法院院长提请重庆市人民代表大会常务委员会任免”）推断，成渝金融法院应该设立在重庆。

　　“在重庆设立成渝金融法院，是去年我们参加两会时提出的提案。成渝金融法院是我国第一个设立在西部的金融法院，是第一个设立在重庆的专业法院，也是第一个执行案件跨域管辖机制的重庆法院，对于缓解东西金融二元化、助推成渝地区经济金融高质量发展、创新跨域管辖跨域治理机制意义重大。”王煜宇强调。

　　 　　 

　　“更多的金融机构、更好的金融产品、

　　更先进的金融基础设施、更优秀的金融人才

　　可能会因此落户重庆”

 

　　王煜宇指出，案件类型决定审判归属。在没有设立金融法院的其他省市，金融案件一般由民二庭或金融法庭审理，现在重庆设立了专门金融法院，能够更大规模更高层次更加专业集中地化解金融纠纷，提升金融法治水平；而金融法治水平的提升反过来又必然提升金融市场的发展质量。

　　“我们一般讲市场化、国际化、法治化，法治化排在最后，是保障，像上海，先有发达的国际化的金融市场、再成立金融法院；但其实这个逻辑反过来也成立——法治化降低了交易成本，便利了纠纷解决，更多的金融机构、更好的金融产品、更先进的金融基础设施、更优秀的金融人才可能因为低成本和高便利而选择重庆，西部金融中心的聚集辐射效应将由此形成，而西部金融中心的成功打造又将进一步推动成渝双城经济圈高质量发展”。“这样来说，成渝金融法院也是一项非常关键的‘金融基础设施’。”王煜宇说。

　　　　 

　　建立专业化、国际化、智慧化的特色新型法院

　　 

　　成渝金融法院对重庆意义重大，那么如何才能打好这张牌呢？王煜宇建议，首先，重庆应站在巨人的肩膀上，充分吸收上海、北京金融法院设立运行的先进经验，以习近平法治思想为指引，围绕专业化、智慧化、国际化，高标准建设服务新发展、新开放格局的新型专业法院。其次，要建设突出成渝双城经济圈定位、西部金融中心功能的特色法院，例如，西部金融中心定位于服务“一带一路”“西部陆海大通道”的贸易(开放、消费)金融中心，那么成渝金融法院就要创新基于铁路运单、提单、多式联运单证等“渝新欧”跨境融资产品的裁判标准和审判规则；西部金融中心定位于建设服务广大农村和其他金融抑制群体的普惠(乡村振兴)金融中心，成渝金融法院就要探索“让人民群众感受到公平正义就在身边”的一站式诉调对接金融纠纷智慧化解机制；西部金融中心定位于服务工业4.0和西部制造2025的产业（科技）金融中心，成渝金融法院就要开发整合产业数据、审判数据、监管数据的智慧司法平台。第三，重庆和成都也积累了很多金融审判、智慧法院建设的本地经验可以借鉴。

　　作为重庆市新型智库中国特色金融法治智库的首席专家，王煜宇特别关注金融法治专门人才的培养。2019年，她就在全国政协提案中呼吁将金融法设列为独立的法学二级学科和本科主干课程。

　　“提升全社会法治金融的实践能力和金融法治的认知能力需要从根本上加强法治金融教育，深化金融法治研究。”在王煜宇看来，专门金融法院的设立对专门金融法治人才培养提出了迫切需求。

　　 

　　 

　　FinancialCourt Establishment

　　Significant to Western Financial Center

　　 

　　 

　　

　　 

　　 

　　The establishment of the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court was of great significance to Chongqing to build into a western financial center, said Wang Yuyu, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Professor of Southwest University of Political Science & Law.

　　On February 28 this year, the Decision of Establishing the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court was adopted at the 33rd session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress. Prof. Wang was excited at this news.

　　As the Chief Expert at Financial Rule of Law Think Tank with Chinese Characteristics, she considered that the establishment of the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court was strategically crucial to the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and the western financial center.

　　 

　　 

　　Three “firsts”

　　 

　　 

　　“Establishing the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court in Chongqing was written in the proposal we put forward during the 2021 two sessions. It is the first financial court in western China, the first specialized court in Chongqing, and the first Chongqing court to exercise jurisdiction over (parts of) different provinces. It is significant to reduce economic development gaps between eastern and western China, facilitate high-quality economic and financial development in the Chengdu-Chongqing region, and innovate cross-regional jurisdiction and governance,” Wang stressed.

　　Chongqing can attract more financial institutions, better financial products, more state-of-the-art financial infrastructure, and more competent financial professionals with such efforts.

　　Wang explained that the type of case determines where it will be tried. In provinces/municipalities without a financial court, finance-related cases will be heard by Civil Division No. II or Financial Division.

　　However, with the establishment of the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court, Chongqing can solve financial disputes in a more professional and centralized manner and improve its capacity of the financial rule of law, which will boost the development of the financial market.

　　Wang said, “Shanghai has shaped a full-fledged international financial market before establishing a financial court, but it also works the other way around. With a financial court, we can reduce trade costs and help solve disputes, which is favorable to draw financial institutions, products, and talent. As a result, we are expected to develop the financial center in western China and further stimulate the high-quality of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.”

　　 

　　 

　　A new type of court

　　 

　　 

　　How to make the best use of the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court? Here are some suggestions from Wang.

　　First, Chongqing should draw on the experience of the two financial courts in Shanghai and Beijing to establish a specialized, smart, and international new type of court.

　　Second, Chongqing should highlight its role as a part of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and the function of the financial center of western China.

　　For example, as the financial center of western China is to serve trade along the Belt and Road and New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (ILSTC), Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court should set standards for judgment and ruling on cases related to rail waybills and consignment notes, multimodal transport documents, and other cross-border financing products of  Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway.

　　Third, Chongqing should also utilize experience in adjudicating finance-related cases and developing smart courts obtained by the city itself and Chengdu.

　　In her proposal in 2019, Wang called for the establishment of Financial Law as an independent secondary discipline of law and a key course for undergraduate students. She thought that the establishment of the Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court indicated an urgent need for professionals on the financial rule of law. “To improve the society’s ability to exercise the financial rule of law and the relevant awareness, it is necessary to step up education and deepen research in this sector fundamentally.”